Kritik Abu Syahbah Terhadap Kodifikasi Al-Qur’an Perspektif Theodor Nöldeke

الملخص

The authenticity of the Qur’an, which has been preserved until today, is a fundamental belief held by Muslims. One of the main factors ensuring this preservation is the codification process carried out from the time of Prophet Muhammad to the era of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan. However, some Orientalists, such as Theodor Nöldeke, view this process as a historical construction influenced by political and social conditions. Nöldeke applies a historical-critical approach to the study of the Qur’an, similar to the methods used for other sacred texts. This perspective has been challenged by several Muslim scholars, including Abu Syahbah, through his work al-Madkhal li Dirāsat al-Qur’ān al-Karīm. This study aims to examine Nöldeke’s views on the codification of the Qur’an and analyze Abu Syahbah’s responses to these views. The research was conducted using a library study method and was analyzed descriptively and analytically. The findings show that Nöldeke considers the codification of the Qur’an as unsystematic during the Prophet’s time, whereas Abu Syahbah refutes this view with arguments based on authentic narrations. He asserts that the Qur’an as it exists today is identical to what was revealed to Prophet Muhammad, without any alteration. It can be concluded that Orientalist critiques need to be objectively re-examined, particularly within the context of Islamic scholarly traditions.