EFEKTIVITAS KEWAJIBAN SERTIFIKASI HALAL: KAJIAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH DAN BEBAN KEPATUHAN PELAKU USAHA MIKRO DAN KECIL (UMK)

Muhammad Adi Satria; Muhammad Randhy Martadinata; Hasanul Febriyan Hariza; Faisal Ahmadi

Authors

Muhammad Adi Satria Institut Islam Ma’arif Jambi
Muhammad Randhy Martadinata Institut Islam Ma’arif Jambi
Hasanul Febriyan Hariza Institut Islam Ma’arif Jambi
Faisal Ahmadi Institut Islam Ma’arif Jambi

Keywords:

Sertifikasi Halal; Usaha Mikro Dan Kecil; Beban Kepatuhan; Maqashid Syariah; Raf'ul Haraj.

Abstract

Kewajiban sertifikasi halal bagi usaha mikro dan kecil (UMK) makanan dan minuman berlaku penuh sejak 18 Oktober 2026 dengan sanksi administratif berjenjang. Kajian terdahulu umumnya dilakukan sebelum kewajiban berlaku dan belum memetakan beban kepatuhan pelaku usaha, sehingga efektivitas kewajiban sulit dinilai hanya dari jumlah sertifikat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi hukum kewajiban dan sanksi halal bagi UMK, memetakan beban kepatuhan pelaku UMK di Madura, menilai kesesuaiannya dengan maqashid syariah dan raf’ul haraj, serta merumuskan rekomendasi kebijakan. Penelitian ini memakai pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus majemuk sosio-legal di Sampang, Pamekasan, dan Sumenep. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, penelusuran alur pengurusan, observasi, dokumentasi, dan diskusi kelompok terarah terhadap 15 informan, sembilan pelaku usaha, tiga Pendamping PPH, dan tiga pembina. Data dianalisis dengan model interaktif Miles dan analisis tematik, lalu dinilai dengan maqashid syariah, raf’ul haraj, dan analisis dampak regulasi. Tidak ada pelaku usaha yang menolak kewajiban, tetapi beban menumpuk pada pelaksanaan, verifikasi bahan baku pasar, waktu tunggu tanpa kejelasan status, keterbatasan aplikasi dan jaringan, data capaian yang tidak seragam, serta ketidakpastian sanksi yang memicu kepatuhan karena takut. Beban itu berupa biaya belajar, kepatuhan, dan psikologis, dan menumpuk pada pelaku paling lemah. Penegakan perlu didahului pembinaan, disertai kejelasan peran dan tahapan sanksi, pemantauan status pengajuan, verifikasi bahan berbasis pemasok, insentif pendamping yang adil, dan data capaian seragam. Studi ini memberi dasar konseptual dan empiris dengan memadukan penilaian syariah dan analisis dampak regulasi untuk menilai efektivitas kewajiban.

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