THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AFFIRMATION CARDS AND MUSIC AGAINST EMOTIONS, STRESS, AND ANXIETY IN  EARLY ADULT INDIVIDUALS

Sitti Rahmah Marsidi; Grin Rayi Prihandini; Jatayu Hadi Prakoso

doi:10.32806/jkpi.v6i2.977

Authors

Sitti Rahmah Marsidi Universitas Esa Unggul
Grin Rayi Prihandini Universitas Esa Unggul
Jatayu Hadi Prakoso Universitas Esa Unggul

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32806/jkpi.v6i2.977

Keywords:

Affirmation Cards, Music, Early Adulthood

Abstract

The study aims to determine the influence or effectiveness of affirmation cards and music on the emotions, stress, and anxiety of early adult individuals, as a curative action to support psychological well-being, mental health, and quality of life of individuals. This study uses experimental quantitative research methods. The research design is a mixed factorial repeated-measure design. The participants consisted of 9 people, but 1 person resigned. The research began with a pretest measurement of participants' emotions, stress, and anxiety. After being given treatment, namely the provision of affirmation cards and music, which was carried out for a week, a posttest was also carried out. A week later, the measurement was carried out again without any previous treatment (follow-up). The participant group was divided into 3 groups, namely morning, noon, and night groups, with 3 participants each. The results showed no significant changes from the combined stress, anxiety, and emotions after being given music and affirmation cards, and there were no significant differences in reductions in stress, anxiety, and emotions between the morning, noon, and night groups. In addition, giving music and affirmation cards did not show a significant impact on lowering stress, anxiety, and overall negative emotions. Nevertheless, there was a significant decrease in stress and anxiety after being given music and affirmation cards; As for emotions, it is insignificant, even if there is a direction.

References

Adhiyaman, V., Adhiyaman, S., & Sundaram, R. (2007). The Lazarus phenomenon. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 100(12), 552–557. https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076807100012013

Arsuffi, L. (2022). Attitudes and Beliefs. In Social Psychology in Forensic Practice. Routledge.

Ashcraft, M. H., & Kirk, E. P. (2001). The relationships among working memory, math anxiety, and performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(2), 224–237. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.130.2.224

Astari, A. Z., & Nastiti, D. (2024). Hubungan Antara Stres Akademik Dengan Prokrastinasi Akademik Pada Mahasiswa. ResearchJet Journal of Analysis and Inventions, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.47134/researchjet.v2i3.1

Aune, T., Juul, E. M. L., Beidel, D. C., Nordahl, H. M., & Dvorak, R. D. (2021). Mitigating adolescent social anxiety symptoms: The effects of social support and social self-efficacy in findings from the Young-HUNT 3 study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(3), 441–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01529-0

Aydın, Y., & Aydın, G. (2020). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Based Psychoeducation Group for Test Anxiety: A Case Study of Senior High School Students. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 50, Article 50. https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.584565

Aziz, F., Putra, S., & Trianita, D. (2023). THE EFFECT OF VIRTUAL THERAPY ON ANXIETY DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS: Case Study of Adolescents in Malang City. Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dan Psikologi, 1(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.61397/jkpp.v1i2.88

Barkowski, S., Schwartze, D., Strauss, B., Burlingame, G. M., & Rosendahl, J. (2020). Efficacy of group psychotherapy for anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychotherapy Research, 30(8), 965–982. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2020.1729440

Bina, M. Y., Andriany, M., & Dewi, N. S. (2020). Anxiety in prisoners who are currently serving a prison term: A descriptive study in a class IIA women’s prison in Semarang. Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 5(2), 133. https://doi.org/10.30604/jika.v5i2.294

Boursier, V., Gioia, F., Musetti, A., & Schimmenti, A. (2020). Facing Loneliness and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Isolation: The Role of Excessive Social Media Use in a Sample of Italian Adults. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.586222

Budianto, A. A. (2024). APPLICATION OF COGNITIVE DEFUSION STRATEGIES TO REDUCE TEST ANXIETY IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS. 6(2).

Creswell, C., Waite, P., & Hudson, J. (2020). Practitioner Review: Anxiety disorders in children and young people – assessment and treatment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(6), 628–643. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13186

Djaali, P. D. H. (2021). METODOLOGI PENELITIAN KUANTITATIF. Bumi Aksara. http://repo.iainbatusangkar.ac.id/xmlui/handle/123456789/22503

Dolcos, F., LaBar, K. S., & Cabeza, R. (2004). Dissociable effects of arousal and valence on prefrontal activity indexing emotional evaluation and subsequent memory: An event-related fMRI study. NeuroImage, 23(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.05.015

Fidyawati, S. C., Juwitaningrum, I., & Kosasih, I. (2024). Pengaruh Self-esteem dan Parent Support Terhadap Career Decision Making Self-efficacy pada Siswa Kelas 12 SMK Negeri di Kota Bandung. Journal of Psychology and Instruction, 8(1). https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JoPaI/article/view/76109

Goleman, D. (1998). Kecerdasan Emosional—Daniel Goleman—Google Buku. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=JbQVEQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Goleman+(1998)+&ots=ixHKOWa5PV&sig=z4Mv2_iVkOR118kcV2ezwMhJcmg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Goleman%20(1998)&f=false

Habsy, B. A., Putra, A. M. A. M., Laksmana, T. I., & Kurnianto, Y. A. (2025). THE APPLICATION OF PSYCHOANALYTIC COUNSELING IN UNDERSTANDING STUDENTS’ POTENTIAL. Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dan Psikologi, 2(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.61397/jkpp.v2i3.161

Hernandez Ruiz, E., & Braden, B. B. (2021). Improving a Parent Coaching Model of Music Interventions for Young Autistic Children. Journal of Music Therapy, 58(3), 278–309. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thab008

Hernandez-Ruiz, E. (2023). Virtual Parent Coaching of Music Interventions for Young Autistic Children in Mexico. Music Therapy Perspectives, 41(1), e21–e29. https://doi.org/10.1093/mtp/miac030

Kasmawati, K., & Alam, F. A. (2021). PENERAPAN KONSELING KELOMPOK DALAM MENINGKATKAN SELF-ESTEEM SISWA. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Dan Psikologi, 1(1), Article 1.

King, A. M., Turner, M. J., Plateau, C. R., & Barker, J. B. (2023). The Socialisation of Athlete Irrational Beliefs. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 41(2), 290–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-022-00460-4

Miltner, W. H. R., Franz, M., & Naumann, E. (2024). Neuroscientific results of experimental studies on the control of acute pain with hypnosis and suggested analgesia. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1371636

Nelson, T. E., & Garst, J. (2005). Values-based Political Messages and Persuasion: Relationships among Speaker, Recipient, and Evoked Values. Political Psychology, 26(4), 489–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2005.00428.x

Qalbyna, G. K., Putri, A. A., Cahyani, F. D., Adriansyah, G., Febriani, S., & Kosasih, E. (2025). Pengaruh Genre Electronic Dance Music (EDM) Terhadap Pemahaman Bacaan. JURNAL PSIKOLOGI INSIGHT, 9(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.17509/insight.v9i1.82841

Reddy, Y. C. J., Sudhir, P. M., Manjula, M., Arumugham, S. S., & Narayanaswamy, J. C. (2020). Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies in Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 62(Suppl 2), S230. https://doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_773_19

Situmorang, D., Mulawarman, M., & Wibowo, M. (2024). Integrasi Konseling Kelompok Cognitive Behavior Therapy dengan Passive Music Therapy untuk Mereduksi Academic Anxiety, Efektifkah? Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 3(2). https://citeus.um.ac.id/jkbk/vol3/iss2/12

Skinner, A. T., De Luca, L., Nocentini, A., & Menesini, E. (2023). Co-development of internalizing symptoms and regulatory emotional self-efficacy in adolescence: Time-varying effects of COVID-19-related stress and social support. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 47(5), 433–443. https://doi.org/10.1177/01650254231189743

Studer, J. R., & Oberman, A. H. (2020). Applying Counseling Theories during Your Clinical Experience. In A Guide to Practicum and Internship for School Counselors-in-Training (3rd ed.). Routledge.

Sungurtekin, S. (2021). Classroom and Music Teachers’ Perceptions about the Development of Imagination and Creativity in Primary Music Education. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 5(3), 164–186.

Verrastro, V., Ritella, G., Saladino, V., Pistella, J., Baiocco, R., & Fontanesi, L. (2020). Personal and Family Correlates to Happiness amongst Italian Children and Pre-Adolescents. International Journal of Emotional Education, 12(1), 48–64.

Vygotsky, L. S., & Cole, M. (1978). Mind in Society: Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press.

Xiong, R., Li, S. D., & Xia, Y. (2020). A Longitudinal Study of Authoritative Parenting, Juvenile Delinquency and Crime Victimization among Chinese Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041405

Young, Z., Moghaddam, N., & Tickle, A. (2020). The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Attention Disorders, 24(6), 875–888. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054716664413