Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Articles
Published: 06-07-2026

POSITIVE BODY IMAGE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY

Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), guidance and counseling, positive body image, and adolescents

Abstract

This study aims to describe the level of positive body image among senior high school students in one of the public high schools in Karawang Regency and to identify its implications for Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) counseling services. The research employed a quantitative approach with a survey design. Convenience sampling was used to select 140 senior high school students as participants. Data were collected using the Positive Body Image among Adolescents Scale (PBIAS), which had been adapted into Indonesian following the Beaton adaptation procedure.The results revealed that 69% (96 students) exhibited a positive body image, consisting of 57 female and 39 male students. Meanwhile, 31% (44 students) experienced a negative body image, with 27 females and 17 males. These findings highlight the importance of systematic efforts to foster positive body image among adolescents. One effective intervention is Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), which utilizes six core processes: acceptance, cognitive defusion, self as context, being present, values, and committed action, that work integratively to promote a healthy and adaptive body image. These processes can be applied in school counseling services to support students in developing positive body image.

References

  1. Ashgarie, R. I. (2022). Body appreciation pada perempuan dewasa awal yang aktif. Jurnal Flourishing, 457–467. https://doi.org/10.17977/10.17977
  2. Altaf, H. (2019). Body image dissatisfaction theory and its impact on female representation in media: A case study. International Review of Literary Studies, 1(1), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.53057/irls/2019.1.1.4
  3. Ayu, D., Wardani, K., Kusumawati, D., & Prasetyo, B. (2025). Hubungan ketidakpuasan tubuh dan gangguan makan dengan status gizi mahasiswa (Vol. 17, Issue 1).
  4. Bougie, R., & Sekaran, U. (2019). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (8th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
  5. Cash, T. F. (2002). Women's body images. In Handbook of women's sexual and reproductive health (pp. 175–194). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0689-8_10
  6. Cash, T. F. (Ed.). (2012). Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2010-1-66177-9
  7. Della, W. (2021). Body image and self-esteem: A meta-analysis study. Psibernetika, 14(2), 105–110. https://doi.org/10.30813/psibernetika.v14i2.2943
  8. Dumar, B., Wahyuni, I., Jumatrin, F., Mery Eka, & Fujianti, Y. (2024). Body image negatif berdampak pada kecemasan remaja putri di masa pubertas: Literature review. Indonesian Health Science Journal, 4(2).
  9. Fang, S., Ding, D., Ji, P., Huang, M., & Hu, K. (2022). Cognitive defusion and psychological flexibility predict negative body image in Chinese college students: Evidence from acceptance and commitment therapy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24), Article 16519. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416519
  10. Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E. (2015). Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young women's body image concerns and mood. Body Image, 13, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.12.002
  11. Fogelkvist, M., Gustafsson, S. A., Kjellin, L., & Parling, T. (2020). Acceptance and commitment therapy to reduce eating disorder symptoms and body image problems in patients with residual eating disorder symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Body Image, 32, 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.01.002
  12. Grogan, S. (2021). Body image (3rd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003100041
  13. Hayes, S. C., & Smith, S. (2005). Get out of your mind & into your life. New Harbinger Publications.
  14. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
  15. Komala, B., & Sugiariyanti, M. (2023). Body dissatisfaction in overweight adolescents: The role of self-compassion and gender. Developmental and Clinical Psychology.
  16. Maes, C., Trekels, J., Tylka, T. L., & Vandenbosch, L. (2021). The Positive Body Image among Adolescents Scale (PBIAS): Conceptualization, development, and psychometric evaluation among adolescents from Belgium. Body Image, 38, 270–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.05.004
  17. Moradi, F., Ghadiri-Anari, A., Dehghani, A., Vaziri, S. R., & Enjezab, B. (2020). The effectiveness of counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy on body image and self-esteem in polycystic ovary syndrome: An RCT. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine, 18(4), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v18i4.6887
  18. Mori, M. F. (2022). Images of bodies in mass and social media and body dissatisfaction: The role of internalization and self-discrepancy. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1009792
  19. Naseri, S., & Mehdi, M. A. (2023). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on alexithymia, concern about body image and negative spontaneous thoughts in patients with diabetes in Gorgan City.
  20. Paul, H. A. (2013). Review of Get out of your mind & into your life for teens: A guide to living an extraordinary life. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 35(4), 334–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317107.2013.846732
  21. Pedalino, F. C.-L. (2022). Instagram use and body dissatisfaction: The mediating role of upward social comparison with peers and influencers among young females. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), Article 1543. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031543
  22. Pourfarahani, M., Shareh, H., & Haji Arbabi, F. (2023). Effect of group acceptance and commitment therapy on body image and self-compassion of women undergoing dialysis: A randomized clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 29(1), 2–17. https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.29.1.225.13
  23. Ramsyah, P. N. A., & Muhid, A. (2024). Efektivitas terapi acceptance and commitment (ACT) dalam menumbuhkan body image positif pada remaja obesitas. Realita: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 9(2), 2425. https://doi.org/10.33394/realita.v9i2.11948
  24. Rangkuti, A. A. (2017). Statistika inferensial untuk psikologi dan pendidikan. Kencana.
  25. Rashidi Zafar, M., Bashardost Tajali, F., & Sharifi, N. (2023a). Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and mindfulness on body image concerns of overweight patients. The Journal of Personality and Psychosomatic Research, 1(1), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jppr.1.1.4
  26. Rashidi Zafar, M., Bashardost Tajali, F., & Sharifi, N. (2023b). Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on body image concerns of overweight women.
  27. Regehr, R. Y., Owens, R. L., Cox, D. W., & Clayton, C. C. (2020). Piloting Free to Be: A positive body image program for adolescents. The Counseling Psychologist, 48(6), 774–800. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000020922216
  28. Rodgers, R. F., Nowicki, G. P., Wertheim, E. H., & Paxton, S. (2025). Perceived effects of body-positive social media content and correlations with trait body image. Eating Behaviors, 57, Article 101987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.101987
  29. Smolak, L., & Thompson, J. K. (Eds.). (2009). Body image, eating disorders, and obesity in youth: Assessment, prevention, and treatment (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11860-000
  30. Sugiyono. (2013). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
  31. Tiggemann, M. (2015). Considerations of positive body image across various social identities and populations. Body Image, 14, 168–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.03.002
  32. Tunç, E., Orak, O. S., & İşeri, Ö. (2023). The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy-based psychoeducation on body image, quality of sexual life, and dyadic adjustment of women after breast cancer surgery. Oncology Nursing Forum, 50(5), 599–609. https://doi.org/10.1188/23.ONF.599-609
  33. Ulfa Hermaini, Nasution, F., Safitri, R. A., Rahma, Q. A., & Hasibuan, H. M. (2023). Perkembangan fisik anak dan psikososial remaja. Observasi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Psikologi, 2(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.61132/observasi.v2i1.49
  34. Vidiana, S., & Sudarmiati, S. (2021). Gambaran body image remaja putri saat pubertas. Avicenna: Journal. https://doi.org/10.36419/avicenna.v4i2.527
  35. Wood, S., & Fletcher, D. (2023). Using acceptance and commitment therapy for unhelpful thinking toward body image with an elite figure skater. Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(1), 98–106. https://doi.org/10.1123/cssep.2023-0016
  36. Wood-Barcalow, N. L., Tylka, T. L., & Augustus-Horvath, C. L. (2010). "But I like my body": Positive body image characteristics and a holistic model for young-adult women. Body Image, 7(2), 106–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.01.001
  37. Xu, W., Wan, H., Xiang, L., Wang, S., Zhu, Y., & Zheng, M. (2024). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for head and neck cancer patients with body image distress in China: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMJ Open, 14(9), e085551. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085551
  38. Yu, J. J. (2016). Trajectories of body dissatisfaction among South Korean youth: Findings from a nationally representative sample. Body Image, 19, 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.10.002

How to Cite

Purnamasari, D. A. D., Wahyuni, E., & Hidayat, D. R. (2026). POSITIVE BODY IMAGE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY. Jurnal Konseling Pendidikan Islam, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.32806/jkpi.v7i3.1700