Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Articles
DOI: 10.32806/jkpi.v7i2.1605
Submitted: 20-02-2026
Published: 30-05-2026

THE DYNAMICS OF DEPRESSION AMONG LATE ADOLESCENTS WITH AUTHORITARIAN PARENTING STYLES IN SAMARINDA

Universitas Mulawarman
Universitas Mulawarman
Adolescents aged 18-24, Depression, parenting, cognitive distortions

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze factors contributing to depression among late adolescents (aged 18 to 24) in Samarinda City, with a focus on how authoritarian parenting styles shape their emotional experiences and cognitive distortions. Five participants with mild to moderate depressive symptoms (e.g., lack of interest, changes in sleep patterns, social withdrawal, and self-injurious behavior) were selected through purposive sampling to participate in this qualitative case study. Methods such as Person-Centered Therapy (PCT), Interpersonal Therapy (IPT), and Beck's cognitive theory framework were used to thematically analyze data collected from in-depth interviews and observations. Authoritarian parenting, family discord, and persistent academic pressure all contributed to participants' cognitive distortions, which manifested as pessimistic views of life and the future. Lack of motivation, decreased social functioning, repetitive thoughts, sleep disturbances, and feelings of worthlessness were all attributed to these conditions. Furthermore, low self-esteem and discrepancies in self-concept were influenced by a lack of emotional support from family. The study's findings suggest that multiple factors, including the interaction of cognitive, interpersonal, and family environmental factors, contribute to depression in late adolescence. Restructuring negative thought patterns, improving interpersonal relationships, enhancing self-acceptance, and enhancing psychological well-being in adolescents requires a multimodal intervention approach based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Interpersonal Therapy, and Person-Centered Therapy for Individuals.

References

  1. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2020). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. SAGE.
  2. Fassl, F., Muth, J., & Hofleitner, M. (2025). Adolescent depression in school : risk factors and consequences on school functioning. 175–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s35834-024-00458-1
  3. Harkness, K. L., & Bagby, R. M. (2021). Interpersonal predictors of major depressive disorder in young adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 123–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.018
  4. Hasanah, A., & Santi, D. E. (2025). Distorsi Kognitif dan Pola Pikir Disfungsional pada Remaja : Studi Kasus Layanan Kesehatan. 2, 1–11.
  5. Ismah, N., & Widayat, R. (2023). Dinamika keluarga dan kesehatan mental remaja di wilayah perkotaan Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi, 51(2), 112–125. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi
  6. Jere, S., Patil, A. P., Shidaganti, G. I., Aladakatti, S. S., & Jayannavar, L. (2021). Dataset for modeling Beck ’ s cognitive triad to understand depression. Data in Brief, 38, 107431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107431
  7. Lim, W. M. (2025). What is qualitative research? An overview and guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal, 33(2), 199–229. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582241264619
  8. Liu, Z., & Kuai, M. (2025). The global burden of depression in adolescents and young adults, 1990–2021: systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study. BMC Psychiatry, 25(1), 767. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07201-8
  9. Marchetti, I., & Pössel, P. (2023). Cognitive triad and depressive symptoms in adolescence: Specificity and overlap. 1209–1217. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-022-01323-w
  10. Putri, O. E. H., et al. (2024). Pengaruh CBT terhadap depresi remaja. Journal Sains Student Research. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61722/jssr.v2i3.1304
  11. Sanders, P., & Hill, A. (2022). Person-centered therapy for youth mental health: A contemporary review. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 62(6), 850–875. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/00221678211065432
  12. Schleider, J. L., Mullarkey, M. C., Fox, K. R., Dobias, M. L., Shroff, A., Hart, E. A., & Roulston, C. A. (2022). A randomized trial of online single-session interventions for adolescent depression during COVID-19. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(2), 258–268. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01235-0
  13. Shi et al. (2023). A study on the correlation between family dynamic factors and depression in adolescents. Frontiers in Psychiatry. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1025168
  14. Sri, N., Purba, P., Kastanya, L., Tju, M., & Christabel, V. (2025). Silent Struggles : Depression and Its Link to Suicide Attempts in Emerging Adulthood. 13(3), 439–446.
  15. Wang, S., Liu, W., & Huang, T. (2022). Social stressors, cyberbullying exposure, and adolescent depression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 45–60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.11.008
  16. Waraan, L., Siqveland, J., Hanssen-bauer, K., Czjakowski, N. O., Axelsdóttir, B., Mehlum, L., & Aalberg, M. (2023). Family therapy for adolescents with depression and suicidal ideation : A systematic review and meta – analysis. 28(2), 831–849. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591045221125005
  17. Weissman, M. M., Markowitz, J. C., & Klerman, G. L. (2020). The Guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190240424.001.0001
  18. Zhou, J., Liu, Y., Ma, J., Feng, Z., Hu, J., Hu, J., & Dong, B. (2024). Prevalence of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 18(1), 150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-024-00841-w

How to Cite

Aura, R. A., & Irawan, A. W. (2026). THE DYNAMICS OF DEPRESSION AMONG LATE ADOLESCENTS WITH AUTHORITARIAN PARENTING STYLES IN SAMARINDA. Jurnal Konseling Pendidikan Islam, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.32806/jkpi.v7i2.1605