Abstract
This study aims to analyze the implementation of government education policies, especially the School Operational Assistance Fund (BOS) and the Smart Indonesia Program (PIP), as well as their impact on increasing the participation of formal education of students at Weggebino State Junior High School, Wegebino District, Paniai Regency. In addition, this study identifies supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of education policies in remote areas. The research uses a qualitative approach with a focus on the effectiveness of policy implementation and its impact on educational participation indicators, including student enrollment, attendance, and retention. The results of the study show that the implementation of education policy is partial. BOS funds are distributed quickly and regularly so that they are able to ensure the sustainability of school operations, supported by the availability of human resources and smooth internal administration. The Indonesia Pintar program has proven to contribute positively to increasing student attendance, especially for students from underprivileged families. In terms of impact, education policies and school performance in general have succeeded in increasing the number of new student enrollments, which reflects increasing public trust in formal educational institutions. However, the effectiveness of the policy is still limited by a number of inhibiting factors, especially the limitations of physical school facilities such as desks and chairs, geographical access and transportation barriers that have an impact on the delay in student attendance, and the absence of physical assistance in the form of books and learning tools. On the other hand, strong support from parents and the community as well as the smooth internal administration of the school are the main supporting factors for the successful implementation of education policies at Weggebino State Junior High School.
References
- Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Statistik pendidikan 2023. Badan Pusat Statistik.
- Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Paniai. (2024). Kabupaten Paniai dalam angka 2024. BPS Kabupaten Paniai.
- Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method. University of California Press.
- Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (2011). Schooling in capitalist America: Educational reform and the contradictions of economic life. Haymarket Books.
- Bray, M. (2018). Community and school participation in education. Routledge.
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
- Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Paniai. (2022). Laporan tahunan pendidikan Kabupaten Paniai. Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Paniai.
- Durkheim, E. (1997). The division of labor in society. Free Press. (Karya asli diterbitkan 1893)
- Edward III, G. C. (1980). Implementing public policy. Congressional Quarterly Press.
- Freire, P. (2018). Pendidikan kaum tertindas. LP3ES.
- Irianto, A., & Marzuki. (2019). Pendidikan inklusif di daerah terpencil: Analisis partisipasi pendidikan di Papua. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 4(3), 215–227.
- Kambu, Y. (2019). Dampak dana otonomi khusus terhadap peningkatan pendidikan di Kabupaten Mimika, Papua (Tesis, Universitas Cenderawasih).
- Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. (2023). Statistik APM dan APK pendidikan Indonesia 2023. Pusdatin Kemendikbudristek.
- Laksana, G. B. (2020). Kebijakan pendidikan di Papua: Antara implementasi dan realitas. Jurnal Kebijakan Publik, 12(2), 145–160.
- Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications.
- Lipsky, M. (1980). Street-level bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the individual in public services. Russell Sage Foundation.
- Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1970). The German ideology. International Publishers.
- Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society. University of Chicago Press.
- Merton, R. K. (1968). Social theory and social structure. Free Press.
- Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
- Mulyadi. (2020). Implementasi Program Indonesia Pintar dalam meningkatkan partisipasi sekolah di daerah terpencil (Tesis, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta).
- Nugroho, R. (2018). Public policy: Dinamika kebijakan, analisis kebijakan, manajemen kebijakan. Elex Media Komputindo.
- Parsons, T. (1959). The school class as a social system: Some of its functions in American society. Harvard Educational Review, 29(4), 297–318.
- Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
- Pressman, J. L., & Wildavsky, A. (1973). Implementation: How great expectations in Washington are dashed in Oakland. University of California Press.
- Supriadi, D. (2018). Partisipasi pendidikan di wilayah terpencil: Studi kasus di Papua. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 24(1), 33–47.
- Suryadi, A., & Handayani, T. (2022). Implementasi BOS reguler terhadap akses pendidikan SMP di wilayah terpencil Indonesia. Jurnal Kebijakan Pendidikan, 12(2), 144–160.
- Tilaar, H. A. R. (2012). Kebijakan pendidikan: Kajian teoritis dan praktis. Remaja Rosdakarya.
- UNESCO. (2015). Education for all 2000–2015: Achievements and challenges. UNESCO.
- Widiastuti, N. (2021). Implementasi kebijakan pendidikan di Papua Tengah. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 9(1), 72–85.
- Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Sage Publications.