The Interrelation of Islam and Science: The Epistemological Foundation, The Contribution of Muslim Scientists, And its Relevance in the Development of Science

Abstract

The relationship between Islam and science is a fundamental aspect of human civilization. Islam not only positions knowledge as a means of understanding the realities of life but also provides theological, moral, and ethical foundations for acquiring and developing knowledge. This study aims to examine the interrelationship between Islam and science, the emergence of scientific discoveries within the Muslim intellectual tradition, the contributions of Muslim scholars to the development of knowledge, and the position of knowledge from an Islamic perspective. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research methods through an examination of relevant academic literature, books, scholarly articles, and Islamic sources. The findings indicate that Islam and science are interconnected, particularly in encouraging intellectual activities, developing research traditions, and providing ethical orientations for the application of knowledge. The contributions of scholars such as Al-Khwarizmi, Ibn Sina, Ibn al-Haytham, Al-Biruni, Al-Farabi, Ibn Rushd, Al-Idrisi, and Ibn Khaldun demonstrate the significant role of Islamic intellectual traditions in the development of mathematics, medicine, optics, astronomy, philosophy, geography, and social sciences. This study emphasizes that the relationship between Islam and science does not necessarily require the direct identification of every scientific theory with religious texts. Instead, it can be developed through critical epistemological dialogue and the reinforcement of values such as honesty, justice, responsibility, and public welfare. Therefore, integrating Islamic values with scientific development is essential for building a civilization that promotes intellectual advancement and human well-being.