EKOSISTEM INOVASI DIGITAL PADA UMKM KULINER JAWA TIMUR: STUDI FENOMENOLOGI TERHADAP ADOPSI TEKNOLOGI DAN TRANSFORMASI MODEL BISNIS

Achmad Tarmidzi Anas; Komaruddin Komaruddin; Mulyadi Mulyadi

doi:10.32806/currency.v4i2.1991

Authors

Achmad Tarmidzi Anas Institut Agama Islam Al Khairat Pamekasan
Komaruddin Komaruddin Universitas Bahaudin Mudhary Madura
Mulyadi Mulyadi Universitas Bahaudin Mudhary Madura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32806/currency.v4i2.1991

Keywords:

Ekosistem Inovasi Digital; UMKM Kuliner; Modal Sosial; Fenomenologi Deskriptif; Transformasi Model Bisnis

Abstract

Ekosistem inovasi digital UMKM kuliner di negara berkembang belum dipahami dari perspektif pengalaman hidup pemilik usaha, dan model adopsi teknologi dominan seperti TAM dan UTAUT gagal menangkap dimensi sosial dan kontekstual dari proses tersebut. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana ekosistem inovasi digital terbentuk di kalangan UMKM kuliner Jawa Timur, serta bagaimana adopsi teknologi dan transformasi model bisnis berlangsung secara organik di tiga konteks kota yang berbeda. Desain fenomenologi deskriptif digunakan dengan melibatkan 18 pemilik UMKM kuliner di Surabaya, Malang, dan Sidoarjo yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur, observasi lapangan, dan dokumentasi, lalu dianalisis menggunakan metode empat tahap Moustakas dengan triangulasi tiga tingkat. Tiga tema utama ditemukan. Pertama, ekosistem inovasi digital terbentuk secara bottom-up melalui tekanan komunitas dan pembelajaran horizontal bukan perencanaan strategis individual dengan modal sosial komunitas berfungsi sebagai infrastruktur utama pengganti perantara formal yang tidak tersedia. Kedua, transformasi model bisnis berlangsung secara bertahap dan organik, mencakup pergeseran proposisi nilai dari produk fisik ke pengalaman digital, perluasan segmen pelanggan, dan munculnya ketergantungan struktural pada platform. Ketiga, pola ekosistem berbeda signifikan di antara ketiga kota: Surabaya menunjukkan pola transaksional-strategis, Malang pola kreatif-kolaboratif berbasis komunitas mahasiswa, dan Sidoarjo pola industrial-pragmatis yang terintegrasi dengan rantai pasok lokal. Penelitian ini memperluas teori ekosistem inovasi ke konteks informal negara berkembang, mengintegrasikannya dengan teori modal sosial, dan memperkenalkan tipologi ekonomi subnasional sebagai unit analisis yang relevan untuk memahami variasi ekosistem inovasi digital UMKM.

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